How Einstein learned physics

Considering Einstein’s contributions to physics, this is a worthwhile question. Here are some of his methods, as discussed by Isaacson in his book.

Learning comes from solving difficult problems, not from going to school

The famous scientist abhorred cramming and attending classes. As he himself stated, «I played a lot and studied the masters of theoretical physics at home.»

By the age of 12, Einstein already had «an aptitude for solving complex problems in arithmetic,» and his parents bought him an advanced mathematics textbook, which he could study during the summer.

He studied physics rather than dutifully attending classes, as most did. He played with ideas and equations independently. His guiding principle, even then, was «doing, not listening.»

When you can prove something, you truly know it

How do you know you truly understand something? Einstein’s method was to try to prove any statement himself. It all began at an early age, when his uncle Jacob challenged him to prove the Pythagorean theorem.

Einstein recalled: «After great effort, I succeeded in ‘proving’ this theorem based on the similarity of triangles.»

Isaacsen explains that Einstein tackled new theories by attempting to prove them himself. This approach to studying physics, which came naturally to Einstein, was driven by a strong curiosity about how everything works and his conviction that «nature can be understood through a relatively simple mathematical structure.»

Even here, it becomes clear that the famous scientist possessed incredible curiosity and intuition. Perhaps even more so than intellect.

Intuition is more important than equations

Yes, he could be called more of an intuitive physicist. He was influenced by the books of Aaron Bernstein, who encouraged an intuitive approach to physics. They were replete with imaginary images, such as «imaginary travel through space» or «the speed of light.»

How did Einstein develop his intuition? His own thoughts on the matter boiled down to the fact that intuition is nothing more than the result of early intellectual experience. His early habit of proving theorems and solving complex problems supported his ability to create abstract, visual images in his imagination.

Thinking requires a quiet space and deep concentration

Einstein had an incredible ability. His son writes: «Even the loudest cry of a baby did not disturb his father. He could continue working, regardless of the level of noise around him.»

Here’s what the physicist himself says about his work at the Bern patent office: «I could complete all the work in two or three hours. In the remaining time, I developed my ideas.» The incredible concentration he cultivated during this time helped him overcome the general theory of relativity, culminating in a «grueling four-week madness.» However, this had a negative impact on his health.

Yet, his ability to focus and love of solitude allowed him to achieve greatness.

Understanding ideas arises through thought experiments

Einstein was a fan of thought experiments. They were inexpensive and very quick. His most famous experiments were Einstein’s paradox and the twin paradox.

All thought experiments were built on an intuitive understanding of physics, which, in turn, was based on his experience working with theories and problems.

Insights Come During Friendly Walks

While solitude and concentration were important components of how Einstein studied and practiced physics, it was often conversations and walks with people that led to his insights.

The most famous example was his walk with his longtime friend Michele Besso. While working on the special theory of relativity, he was walking with his friend, trying to explain the theory to him. Frustrated, he declared that he was giving up. But suddenly, a revelation struck him—the next day, he told Besso that he had completely solved the problem.

Discussing ideas out loud and sharing them with others often yields new insights.

Be a Rebel

Einstein was never a conformist. His rebellious spirit damaged his early academic career, but it also contributed to his greatest discoveries.

He questioned all the rules and traditions accepted in physics. He disliked the German education system, which, he said, was intolerant of dissenting opinions. When you begin studying Einstein’s biography, you’ll likely come to one important conclusion: you may not be able to match his intellect, but anyone can develop Einstein’s tenacity and curiosity.